Contributions
Abstract: PB1650
Type: Publication Only
Session title: Myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies - Clinical
Background
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is asymptomatic in most cases, but there is an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM) or other lymphoproliferative disorders. There is very little information about the markers that lead to the development of MM.
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is one of the members of lectin family expressed in the human body. It plays an important role in many biological processes, it is involved in the suppression of apoptosis and proliferation processes.
We presented the results of a study of Gal-3, immunoglobulins, and other blood indicators and their impact on the MM progression in MGUS patients of Gomel region, Belarus.
Aims
To study risk markers of MGUS progression in residents of Gomel region, Belarus.
Methods
The study included 22 MGUS patients who underwent examination in the period 2020-2021 in RRCRM&HE, Gomel (Belarus) The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of abnormal immunoglobulin in the blood and/or urine and the tumor immunophenotype of the plasma cells of the bone marrow. All patients underwent assessment of renal function (study of creatinine clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate). Determination of the level of Galectin-3 in blood serum was carried out by the CMIA method on ARCHITECT 12000SR analyzer. Results were assessed at the time of detecting MGUS and after 8 months of the study. The number of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow averaged 2.4%. MGUS was more common in women (72.2%). The median age was 60 years.
Results
At the first stage, we examined immunoglobulins and renal function, and then the level of Gal-3 and B2-microglobulin.
Pathological protein in patients was represented by IgG (22.7%), IgA (22.7%), IgM (9%), two Ig (18.2%), and light chain secretion (27.4%). An increase in the level of B2- microglobulin was detected in 16 patients (72.2%) (in 2 patients it was not associated with impaired renal function). Renal dysfunction was detected in 6 patients (27.4%), an increased Gal-3 level was found in 4 patients (18.2%).
The study revealed a significant excess of the Gal-3 level in patients with secretion of immunoglobulin light chains (p = 0.0001).
In our study, high levels of B2-microglobulin were revealed in patients with renal dysfunction and a high level of Gal-3. It is 1.52 times more frequent than in patients with normal Gal-3 levels (p = 0.051).
During the follow-up period, MM developed in two patients with secretion of light chains, high Gal-3 levels, renal dysfunction, and high levels of B2-microglobulin.
Conclusion
Despite a very short follow-up period and a small number of cases, our study identified patients with a high Gal-3 level, the presence of immunoglobulin light chains, a high level of B2-microglobulin, and kidney damage that progressed within a year. We supposed that these indicators as a whole at the initial stage of diagnosis can be considered as unfavorable prognostic markers with a high risk of developing MM in MGUS patients.
Keyword(s): Immunoglobulin, Monoclonal gammopathy, Multiple myeloma
Abstract: PB1650
Type: Publication Only
Session title: Myeloma and other monoclonal gammopathies - Clinical
Background
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is asymptomatic in most cases, but there is an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM) or other lymphoproliferative disorders. There is very little information about the markers that lead to the development of MM.
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is one of the members of lectin family expressed in the human body. It plays an important role in many biological processes, it is involved in the suppression of apoptosis and proliferation processes.
We presented the results of a study of Gal-3, immunoglobulins, and other blood indicators and their impact on the MM progression in MGUS patients of Gomel region, Belarus.
Aims
To study risk markers of MGUS progression in residents of Gomel region, Belarus.
Methods
The study included 22 MGUS patients who underwent examination in the period 2020-2021 in RRCRM&HE, Gomel (Belarus) The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of abnormal immunoglobulin in the blood and/or urine and the tumor immunophenotype of the plasma cells of the bone marrow. All patients underwent assessment of renal function (study of creatinine clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate). Determination of the level of Galectin-3 in blood serum was carried out by the CMIA method on ARCHITECT 12000SR analyzer. Results were assessed at the time of detecting MGUS and after 8 months of the study. The number of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow averaged 2.4%. MGUS was more common in women (72.2%). The median age was 60 years.
Results
At the first stage, we examined immunoglobulins and renal function, and then the level of Gal-3 and B2-microglobulin.
Pathological protein in patients was represented by IgG (22.7%), IgA (22.7%), IgM (9%), two Ig (18.2%), and light chain secretion (27.4%). An increase in the level of B2- microglobulin was detected in 16 patients (72.2%) (in 2 patients it was not associated with impaired renal function). Renal dysfunction was detected in 6 patients (27.4%), an increased Gal-3 level was found in 4 patients (18.2%).
The study revealed a significant excess of the Gal-3 level in patients with secretion of immunoglobulin light chains (p = 0.0001).
In our study, high levels of B2-microglobulin were revealed in patients with renal dysfunction and a high level of Gal-3. It is 1.52 times more frequent than in patients with normal Gal-3 levels (p = 0.051).
During the follow-up period, MM developed in two patients with secretion of light chains, high Gal-3 levels, renal dysfunction, and high levels of B2-microglobulin.
Conclusion
Despite a very short follow-up period and a small number of cases, our study identified patients with a high Gal-3 level, the presence of immunoglobulin light chains, a high level of B2-microglobulin, and kidney damage that progressed within a year. We supposed that these indicators as a whole at the initial stage of diagnosis can be considered as unfavorable prognostic markers with a high risk of developing MM in MGUS patients.
Keyword(s): Immunoglobulin, Monoclonal gammopathy, Multiple myeloma