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To evaluate the outcome of patients with proven or probable IFI at diagnosis or during therapy.  We analyzed the risk factors for invasive fungal infection in our study group.

We evaluated 91 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia during a 2 year period between March 2012 and October 2014.  Of the 91 patients included, 63% was diagnose with acute myeloid leukemia. Median age at diagnosis was 52 years old.  The number of episodes of febrile neutropenia in all patients and the appearance of probable or confirmed invasive fungal infections in the course of these episodes was analyzed. 

In our cohort the incidence of IFI during 90 episodes of febrile neutropenia analyzed was 18,6%. More than 50% of invasive fungal infection appeared after induction chemotherapy and the median duration of neutropenia grade IV OMS at this patients was 22 days. Infection with Aspergillus spp. was the most frequent diagnosed fungal infection (14 patients). Invasive candidiasis was diagnosed in only 3 patients. The most common location was the lung. 2 patients were diagnosed with probable cerebral aspergillosis. Despite the good response of azole based therapy in majority of patients, 5 patients required second line of antifungal therapy and death appear in 4 patients with invasive fungal infection. In our study group the only risk factor which statistic significantly influenced IFI risk was duration of neutropenia more than 21 days (p=0,006).

IFI is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia. The high percentage of patients with invasive fungal infection after induction chemotherapy (9,9%  in our study) with significantly delays in subsequent consolidation courses is a important issue. Correct assessment of the risk of infection in these patient populations associated with appropriate prophylactic measures can significantly reduce the risk of these forms of infection.